本文主要給大家介紹關于Django外鍵賦值的相關內容,分享出來供大家參考學習,在開始之前,我們先來看一段代碼:
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class Article(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length = 1024 , default = '') ... def __str__( self ): return 'Article pk:%d %s' % ( self .pk, self .title[: 30 ]) class ArticleContent(models.Model): article = cached_fields.OneToOneField(Article) ... |
寫代碼的的時候,發現了一個很奇怪的現象,當我給一個instance的外鍵(以_id結尾)賦值(數字)的時候 ,這個外鍵對應的instance的值并不會改變。
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In [ 44 ]: ac = ArticleContent.objects.get(article_id = 14269 ) In [ 45 ]: ac.article_id Out[ 45 ]: 14269 In [ 46 ]: ac.article_id = 14266 In [ 47 ]: ac.save() In [ 48 ]: ac.article Out[ 48 ]: <Article: Article pk: 14266 EC: Russia, Ukraine to Meet in > In [ 49 ]: ac.article.pk Out[ 49 ]: 14266 |
如上面的代碼所示,為了找到答案,我翻了一下Django的源碼:
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django / db / models / fields / related_descriptors.py def __get__( self , instance, cls = None ): """ Get the related instance through the forward relation. With the example above, when getting ``child.parent``: - ``self`` is the descriptor managing the ``parent`` attribute - ``instance`` is the ``child`` instance - ``cls`` is the ``Child`` class (we don't need it) """ if instance is None : return self # The related instance is loaded from the database and then cached in # the attribute defined in self.cache_name. It can also be pre-cached # by the reverse accessor (ReverseOneToOneDescriptor). try : rel_obj = getattr (instance, self .cache_name) except AttributeError: val = self .field.get_local_related_value(instance) if None in val: rel_obj = None else : qs = self .get_queryset(instance = instance) qs = qs. filter ( self .field.get_reverse_related_filter(instance)) # Assuming the database enforces foreign keys, this won't fail. rel_obj = qs.get() # If this is a one-to-one relation, set the reverse accessor # cache on the related object to the current instance to avoid # an extra SQL query if it's accessed later on. if not self .field.remote_field.multiple: setattr (rel_obj, self .field.remote_field.get_cache_name(), instance) setattr (instance, self .cache_name, rel_obj) if rel_obj is None and not self .field.null: raise self .RelatedObjectDoesNotExist( "%s has no %s." % ( self .field.model.__name__, self .field.name) ) else : return rel_obj |
注釋得非常到位,當我們請求ac.article
的時候,會先去檢查對應的cache(在這里是_article_cache
,感興趣可以去看cache_name
的生成規則,就是外鍵名前面加下劃線,后面加cache)存不存在,如果不存在那么就進行數據庫請求,請求完之后會保存到cache中。
我們再看看__set__
,代碼太長就不貼了(就在__get__
方法下面)。除了給外鍵字段(article
)賦值外,還會將pk字段(article_id
,是lh_field.attname
的值)設置為None,這樣下次請求的時候就能拿到正確的值。
以上都是ForeignKey的Magic,而當我們給article_id
賦值的時候,只是在給一個普通的attribute賦值而已,沒有任何magic,不會清理對應外鍵的cache,這時候拿到的instance仍然是cache中原來的那個instance。
總結
以上就是這篇文章的全部內容了,希望本文的內容對大家的學習或者工作能帶來一定的幫助,如果有疑問大家可以留言交流,謝謝大家對服務器之家的支持。
原文鏈接:http://michaelyou.github.io/2016/12/19/Django外鍵賦值/