安裝路徑：/application/mysql-5.5.56
1.前期準備
mysql依賴
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libaioyum install -y libaio |
創建用戶mysql，以該用戶的身份執行mysql
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useradd -s /bin/false -M mysql |
下載mysql二進制包并解壓
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cd /toolswget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.56-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gztar -zxf mysql-5.5.56-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /application/ |
切換到/application目錄，將mysql文件夾名改短,給mysql目錄做一個軟鏈接
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cd /application/mv mysql-5.5.56-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/ mysql-5.5.56ln -s mysql-5.5.56/ mysql |
遞歸設置mysql目錄的所屬組和所屬用戶
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chown -R mysql:mysql mysql-5.5.56/ |
2.mysql目錄內操作
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cd mysql |
初始化數據庫
會在mysql目錄內生成一個data目錄，存放數據庫的目錄
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./scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data/ --user=mysql |
更改所屬用戶和組
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chown -R root .chown -R mysql data |
除了mysql目錄下的data目錄所屬用戶不變，其他所有文件的所屬用戶改為root
拷貝配置文件
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cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf |
將mysql的配置文件拷貝為/etc/目錄下的my.cnf
修改配置文件
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sed -i 28i'log-error=/application/mysql/data/mysqld.error' /etc/my.cnf |
在配置文件插入了一行，進行配置錯誤日志
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/etc/my.cnf Content:# Example MySQL config file for medium systems.## This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays# an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with# other programs (such as a web server)## MySQL programs look for option files in a set of# locations which depend on the deployment platform.# You can copy this option file to one of those# locations. For information about these locations, see:# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html## In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program# with the "--help" option.# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients[client]#password = your_passwordport = 3306socket = /tmp/mysql.sock# Here follows entries for some specific programs# The MySQL server[mysqld]port = 3306log-error=/application/mysql/data/mysqld.errorsocket = /tmp/mysql.sockskip-external-lockingkey_buffer_size = 16Mmax_allowed_packet = 1Mtable_open_cache = 64sort_buffer_size = 512Knet_buffer_length = 8Kread_buffer_size = 256Kread_rnd_buffer_size = 512Kmyisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!##skip-networking# Replication Master Server (default)# binary logging is required for replicationlog-bin=mysql-bin# binary logging format - mixed recommendedbinlog_format=mixed# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set# but will not function as a master if omittedserver-id = 1# Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)## To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between# two methods :## 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -# the syntax is:## CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=, MASTER_PORT=,# MASTER_USER=, MASTER_PASSWORD= ;## where you replace , , by quoted strings and# by the master's port number (3306 by default).## Example:## CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306,# MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';## OR## 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then# start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example# if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to# connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later# change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and# overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown# the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.# For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched# (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)## required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1# (and different from the master)# defaults to 2 if master-host is set# but will not function as a slave if omitted#server-id = 2## The replication master for this slave - required#master-host =## The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting# to the master - required#master-user =## The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to# the master - required#master-password =## The port the master is listening on.# optional - defaults to 3306#master-port =## binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended#log-bin=mysql-bin# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables#innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size#innodb_log_file_size = 5M#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50[mysqldump]quickmax_allowed_packet = 16M[mysql]no-auto-rehash# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL#safe-updates[myisamchk]key_buffer_size = 20Msort_buffer_size = 20Mread_buffer = 2Mwrite_buffer = 2M[mysqlhotcopy]interactive-timeout |
拷貝啟動程序
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cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql |
將mysql的啟動程序拷貝到/etc/init.d/目錄下，以便啟動程序
編輯啟動文件，配置啟動目錄
方法一：
思路是給配置文件提供的變量進行賦值。較麻煩。
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sed -i ':a;N;$!ba;s/basedir=\ndatadir=/basedir=\/application\/mysql\ndatadir=\/application\/mysql\/data/g' /etc/init.d/mysqlsed -i ':a;N;$!ba;s/mysqld_pid_file_path=\n/mysqld_pid_file_path=\/application\/mysql\/data\/mysqld.pid\n/g' /etc/init.d/mysql |
等價于將45、46兩行
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basedir=datadir=mysqld_pid_file_path= |
替換成
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basedir=/application/mysqldatadir=/application/mysql/datamysqld_pid_file_path=/application/mysql/data/mysql.pid |
方法二(推薦)：
思路是將腳本的默認地址(/usr/local/mysql)直接替換成自定義路徑(/application/mysql)，便不用給變量賦值
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sed -i 's#/usr/local/mysql#/application/mysql#g' /etc/init.d/mysql |
到這里mysql安裝完成可以正常啟動
3.后期結尾
命令創建軟鏈接
將mysql命令創建軟鏈接到環境變量的目錄，使用戶可以在變量找到相應的命令
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ln -s /application/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/sbin |
設置與修改密碼
第一次設置密碼：
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mysqladmin -u'' password '' |
例子：
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mysqladmin -u'root' password 'PassWord' |
往后修改密碼：
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mysqladmin -u'' -p'' password '' |
例子：
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mysqladmin -u'root' -p'PassWord' password 'NewPassWord' |
登錄mysql
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$ mysql -u'root' -p'PassWord'Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g....mysql> #成功登陸到mysql控制臺$ mysql -uroot -pPassWordWelcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g....mysql> #成功登陸到mysql控制臺$ mysql -u'root' -pEnter password: #這里輸入用戶的密碼Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.... |
mysql> #成功登陸到mysql控制臺
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$ mysql -uroot -pEnter password: #這里輸入用戶的密碼Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.... |
mysql> #成功登陸到mysql控制臺
鍵入quit或Ctrl + d退出mysql環境
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mysql> quitBye[root@www mysql]#ormysql> ^DBye[root@www mysql]# |
4.常用命令
進入mysql
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mysql -u'root' -p'PassWord'mysql -uroot -pPassWordmysql -u'root' -pmysql -uroot -p |
啟動mysql
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service mysql start |
停止mysql
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service mysql stop |
重啟mysql
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service mysql restart |
以上所述是小編給大家介紹的Mysql 5.5.56版本（二進制包安裝）自定義安裝路徑步驟記錄，希望對大家有所幫助，如果大家有任何疑問請給我留言，小編會及時回復大家的。在此也非常感謝大家對服務器之家網站的支持！
原文鏈接：http://www.2cto.com/database/201707/654708.html
