一、簡介
Spring Boot是由Pivotal團隊提供的全新框架，其設計目的是用來簡化新spring應用的初始搭建以及開發過程。該框架使用了特定的方式來進行配置，從而使開發人員不再需要定義樣板化的配置。通過這種方式，Boot致力于在蓬勃發展的快速應用開發領域（rapid application development）成為領導者。
多年以來，Spring IO平臺飽受非議的一點就是大量的XML配置以及復雜的依賴管理。在去年的SpringOne 2GX會議上，Pivotal的CTO Adrian Colyer回應了這些批評，并且特別提到該平臺將來的目標之一就是實現免XML配置的開發體驗。Boot所實現的功能超出了這個任務的描述，開發人員不僅不再需要編寫XML，而且在一些場景中甚至不需要編寫繁瑣的import語句。在對外公開的beta版本剛剛發布之時，Boot描述了如何使用該框架在140個字符內實現可運行的web應用，從而獲得了極大的關注度，該樣例發表在tweet上。
Spring Boot不生成代碼，且完全不需要XML配置。其主要目標如下：
- 為所有的Spring開發工作提供一個更快、更廣泛的入門經驗。
- 開箱即用，你也可以通過修改默認值來快速滿足你的項目的需求。
- 提供了一系列大型項目中常見的非功能性特性，如嵌入式服務器、安全、指標，健康檢測、外部配置等。
Spring Boot官網: http://projects.spring.io/spring-boot/
二、開發環境準備
IDE：IntelliJ IDEA
官網地址：https://www.jetbrains.com/idea/download/
JDK：1.8
Maven
數據庫：MySQL
我將以一個用戶積分系統為例，開發一個Restful風格的服務端
三、第一個Restful程序
1.新建一個普通Maven工程
創建項目完成后目錄結構如下圖所示
2.在POM文件中加入對Spring-Boot的依賴
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.bluecoffee</groupId> <artifactId>mapp</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.4.1.RELEASE</version> <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build></project> |
3.新建一個RestController來接收客戶端的請求，我們來模擬一個登錄請求
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package com.yepit.mapp.rest;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;/** * Created by qianlong on 16/7/20. */@RestControllerpublic class UserController { @RequestMapping(value = "/users/{username}",method = RequestMethod.GET,consumes="application/json") public String getUser(@PathVariable String username, @RequestParam String pwd){ return "Welcome,"+username; }} |
- 關鍵字@RestController代表這個類是用Restful風格來訪問的，如果是普通的WEB頁面訪問跳轉時，我們通常會使用@Controller
- value = "/users/{username}" 代表訪問的URL是"http://host:PORT/users/實際的用戶名"
- method = RequestMethod.GET 代表這個HTTP請求必須是以GET方式訪問
- consumes="application/json" 代表數據傳輸格式是json
- @PathVariable將某個動態參數放到URL請求路徑中
- @RequestParam指定了請求參數名稱
4.新建啟動Restful服務端的啟動類
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package com.yepit.mapp;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;/** * Created by qianlong on 16/7/20. */@SpringBootApplicationpublic class MappRunApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(MappRunApplication.class, args); }} |
5.執行MappRunApplication的Main方法啟動Restful服務，可以看到控制臺有如下輸出
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. ____ _ __ _ _ /\\\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \\ \\ \\ \\( ( )\\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \\/ _` | \\ \\ \\ \\ \\\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\\__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v1.3.3.RELEASE)2016-07-20 16:49:43.334 INFO 2106 --- [ main] com.yepit.mapp.MappRunApplication : Starting MappRunApplication on bogon with PID 2106 (/Users/qianlong/workspace/spring-boot-samples/target/classes started by qianlong in /Users/qianlong/workspace/spring-boot-samples)2016-07-20 16:49:43.338 INFO 2106 --- [ main] com.yepit.mapp.MappRunApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default2016-07-20 16:49:43.557 INFO 2106 --- [ main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@543e710e: startup date [Wed Jul 20 16:49:43 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy2016-07-20 16:49:44.127 INFO 2106 --- [ main] o.s.b.f.s.DefaultListableBeanFactory : Overriding bean definition for bean 'beanNameViewResolver' with a different definition: replacing [Root bean: class [null]; scope=; abstract=false; lazyInit=false; autowireMode=3; dependencyCheck=0; autowireCandidate=true; primary=false; factoryBeanName=org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration$WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration; factoryMethodName=beanNameViewResolver; initMethodName=null; destroyMethodName=(inferred); defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration$WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration.class]] with [Root bean: class [null]; scope=; abstract=false; lazyInit=false; autowireMode=3; dependencyCheck=0; autowireCandidate=true; primary=false; factoryBeanName=org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration$WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter; factoryMethodName=beanNameViewResolver; initMethodName=null; destroyMethodName=(inferred); defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/WebMvcAutoConfiguration$WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter.class]]2016-07-20 16:49:44.658 INFO 2106 --- [ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)2016-07-20 16:49:44.672 INFO 2106 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service Tomcat2016-07-20 16:49:44.673 INFO 2106 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.0.322016-07-20 16:49:44.759 INFO 2106 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext2016-07-20 16:49:44.759 INFO 2106 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 1207 ms2016-07-20 16:49:44.972 INFO 2106 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.e.ServletRegistrationBean : Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/]2016-07-20 16:49:44.977 INFO 2106 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]2016-07-20 16:49:44.978 INFO 2106 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]2016-07-20 16:49:44.978 INFO 2106 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*]2016-07-20 16:49:44.978 INFO 2106 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*]2016-07-20 16:49:45.184 INFO 2106 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@543e710e: startup date [Wed Jul 20 16:49:43 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy2016-07-20 16:49:45.251 INFO 2106 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/users],methods=[GET],consumes=[application/json]}" onto public java.lang.String com.yepit.mapp.rest.UserController.getUser(java.lang.String,java.lang.String)2016-07-20 16:49:45.253 INFO 2106 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)2016-07-20 16:49:45.254 INFO 2106 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)2016-07-20 16:49:45.275 INFO 2106 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]2016-07-20 16:49:45.275 INFO 2106 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]2016-07-20 16:49:45.306 INFO 2106 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]2016-07-20 16:49:45.380 INFO 2106 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup2016-07-20 16:49:45.462 INFO 2106 --- [ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http)2016-07-20 16:49:45.467 INFO 2106 --- [ main] com.yepit.mapp.MappRunApplication : Started MappRunApplication in 2.573 seconds (JVM running for 3.187) |
我們可以看到服務器是Tomcat，端口為8080
6.驗證
推薦大家使用Google的Postman插件來模擬請求
在發起請求前，請注意需要在Headers中設置Content-Type為application/json
到此一個基本的Restful風格的服務端就已經完成了，全部編碼時間不會超過5分鐘！
以上就是本文的全部內容，希望對大家的學習有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持服務器之家。
原文鏈接：http://blog.csdn.net/yzllz001/article/details/53504860
