哎,最近很好久沒寫點東西了,由于工作的原因,接觸公司自己研發的底層orm框架,偶然發現該框架在調用jdbc操作的時候參考的是hibernate 里面的SimpleJdbcTemplate,這里我想到了在大學的時候自己用過的一個簡單的jdbc封裝,現在我將代碼貼出來,和大家一起分享:
Config類:讀取同一包下的數據庫連接配置文件,這樣是為了更好的通用性考慮
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package com.tly.dbutil; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Properties; public class Config { private static Properties prop = new Properties(); static { try { //加載dbconfig.properties配置文件 prop.load(Config. class .getResourceAsStream( "dbconfig.properties" )); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } //設置常量 public static final String CLASS_NAME = prop.getProperty( "CLASS_NAME" ); public static final String DATABASE_URL = prop.getProperty( "DATABASE_URL" ); public static final String SERVER_IP = prop.getProperty( "SERVER_IP" ); public static final String SERVER_PORT = prop.getProperty( "SERVER_PORT" ); public static final String DATABASE_SID = prop.getProperty( "DATABASE_SID" ); public static final String USERNAME = prop.getProperty( "USERNAME" ); public static final String PASSWORD = prop.getProperty( "PASSWORD" ); } |
dbconfig.properties:數據庫配置文件,你也可以用xml格式等,注意Config類里面該文件的調用位置
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CLASS_NAME=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver DATABASE_URL=jdbc:mysql SERVER_IP=localhost SERVER_PORT= 3306 DATABASE_SID=employees USERNAME=root PASSWORD= 1 |
接下來就是數據庫連接輔助類DBConn了
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package com.employees.dbutil; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; public class DBConn { //三屬性、四方法 //三大核心接口 private Connection conn = null ; private PreparedStatement pstmt = null ; private ResultSet rs = null ; //四個方法 //method1: 創建數據庫的連接 public Connection getConntion(){ try { //1: 加載連接驅動,Java反射原理 Class.forName(Config.CLASS_NAME); //2:創建Connection接口對象,用于獲取MySQL數據庫的連接對象。三個參數:url連接字符串 賬號 密碼 String url = Config.DATABASE_URL+ "://" +Config.SERVER_IP+ ":" +Config.SERVER_PORT+ "/" +Config.DATABASE_SID; conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url,Config.USERNAME,Config.PASSWORD); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return conn; } //method2:關閉數據庫的方法 public void closeConn(){ if (rs!= null ){ try { rs.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (pstmt!= null ){ try { pstmt.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (conn!= null ){ try { conn.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } //method3: 專門用于發送增刪改語句的方法 public int execOther(PreparedStatement pstmt){ try { //1、使用Statement對象發送SQL語句 int affectedRows = pstmt.executeUpdate(); //2、返回結果 return affectedRows; } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return - 1 ; } } //method4: 專門用于發送查詢語句 public ResultSet execQuery(PreparedStatement pstmt){ try { //1、使用Statement對象發送SQL語句 rs = pstmt.executeQuery(); //2、返回結果 return rs; } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return null ; } } } |
平時的用上面的代碼能夠解決一些簡單的CRUD的應用了,但是還有很多限制,比如每次程序拿連接都要new,這樣就給系統加大了負擔,沒有事務,沒有dataSource等等,今天看見一哥們在園里面寫的一篇用反射解決直接以對象參數的方式CRUD,這個我以前也寫過,沒寫完,主要是自己想寫一個通用的DButil,最后研究來研究去,發現越來越和hibernate里面的simpleJdbcTemplate接近了,所以就直接去看hibernate的源碼了,加上那段時間有些事,沒有時間,就將這件事閑置起來了,現在把這個東西補上,也給自己回顧一下下
BaseDao類
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package com.employees.dao; import java.io.InputStream; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.Date; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.List; import com.employees.dbutil.DBConn; public class BaseDAO<T> { DBConn conn = new DBConn(); private Connection connection = null ; @SuppressWarnings ( "unused" ) private Class<T> persistentClass; @SuppressWarnings ( "unchecked" ) public BaseDAO() { initConnection(); //獲得參數化類型 ParameterizedType type = (ParameterizedType)getClass().getGenericSuperclass(); persistentClass = (Class<T>)type.getActualTypeArguments()[ 0 ]; } /** * 獲得數據庫連接 */ public void initConnection() { connection = conn.getConntion(); } /** * 保存 */ public void save(T entity) throws Exception{ //SQL語句,insert into table name ( String sql = "insert into " + entity.getClass().getSimpleName().toLowerCase() + "(" ; //獲得帶有字符串get的所有方法的對象 List<Method> list = this .matchPojoMethods(entity, "get" ); Iterator<Method> iter = list.iterator(); //拼接字段順序 insert into table name(id,name,email, while (iter.hasNext()) { Method method = iter.next(); sql += method.getName().substring( 3 ).toLowerCase() + "," ; } //去掉最后一個,符號insert insert into table name(id,name,email) values( sql = sql.substring( 0 , sql.lastIndexOf( "," )) + ") values(" ; //拼裝預編譯SQL語句insert insert into table name(id,name,email) values(?,?,?, for ( int j = 0 ; j < list.size(); j++) { sql += "?," ; } //去掉SQL語句最后一個,符號insert insert into table name(id,name,email) values(?,?,?); sql = sql.substring( 0 , sql.lastIndexOf( "," )) + ")" ; //到此SQL語句拼接完成,打印SQL語句 System.out.println(sql); //獲得預編譯對象的引用 PreparedStatement statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql); int i = 0 ; //把指向迭代器最后一行的指針移到第一行. iter = list.iterator(); while (iter.hasNext()) { Method method = iter.next(); //此初判斷返回值的類型,因為存入數據庫時有的字段值格式需要改變,比如String,SQL語句是'"+abc+"' if (method.getReturnType().getSimpleName().indexOf( "String" ) != - 1 ) { statement.setString(++i, this .getString(method, entity)); } else if (method.getReturnType().getSimpleName().indexOf( "Date" ) != - 1 ){ statement.setDate(++i, this .getDate(method, entity)); } else if (method.getReturnType().getSimpleName().indexOf( "InputStream" ) != - 1 ) { statement.setAsciiStream(++i, this .getBlob(method, entity), 1440 ); } else { statement.setInt(++i, this .getInt(method, entity)); } } //執行 conn.execOther(statement); //關閉連接 conn.closeConn(); } /** * 修改 */ public void update(T entity) throws Exception{ String sql = "update " + entity.getClass().getSimpleName().toLowerCase() + " set " ; //獲得該類所有get方法對象集合 List<Method> list = this .matchPojoMethods(entity, "get" ); //臨時Method對象,負責迭代時裝method對象. Method tempMethod = null ; //由于修改時不需要修改ID,所以按順序加參數則應該把Id移到最后. Method idMethod = null ; Iterator<Method> iter = list.iterator(); while (iter.hasNext()) { tempMethod = iter.next(); //如果方法名中帶有ID字符串并且長度為2,則視為ID. if (tempMethod.getName().lastIndexOf( "Id" ) != - 1 && tempMethod.getName().substring( 3 ).length() == 2 ) { //把ID字段的對象存放到一個變量中,然后在集合中刪掉. idMethod = tempMethod; iter.remove(); //如果方法名去掉set/get字符串以后與pojo + "id"想符合(大小寫不敏感),則視為ID } else if ((entity.getClass().getSimpleName() + "Id" ).equalsIgnoreCase(tempMethod.getName().substring( 3 ))) { idMethod = tempMethod; iter.remove(); } } //把迭代指針移到第一位 iter = list.iterator(); while (iter.hasNext()) { tempMethod = iter.next(); sql += tempMethod.getName().substring( 3 ).toLowerCase() + "= ?," ; } //去掉最后一個,符號 sql = sql.substring( 0 ,sql.lastIndexOf( "," )); //添加條件 sql += " where " + idMethod.getName().substring( 3 ).toLowerCase() + " = ?" ; //SQL拼接完成,打印SQL語句 System.out.println(sql); PreparedStatement statement = this .connection.prepareStatement(sql); int i = 0 ; iter = list.iterator(); while (iter.hasNext()) { Method method = iter.next(); //此初判斷返回值的類型,因為存入數據庫時有的字段值格式需要改變,比如String,SQL語句是'"+abc+"' if (method.getReturnType().getSimpleName().indexOf( "String" ) != - 1 ) { statement.setString(++i, this .getString(method, entity)); } else if (method.getReturnType().getSimpleName().indexOf( "Date" ) != - 1 ){ statement.setDate(++i, this .getDate(method, entity)); } else if (method.getReturnType().getSimpleName().indexOf( "InputStream" ) != - 1 ) { statement.setAsciiStream(++i, this .getBlob(method, entity), 1440 ); } else { statement.setInt(++i, this .getInt(method, entity)); } } //為Id字段添加值 if (idMethod.getReturnType().getSimpleName().indexOf( "String" ) != - 1 ) { statement.setString(++i, this .getString(idMethod, entity)); } else { statement.setInt(++i, this .getInt(idMethod, entity)); } //執行SQL語句 statement.executeUpdate(); //關閉預編譯對象 statement.close(); //關閉連接 connection.close(); } /** * 刪除 */ public void delete(T entity) throws Exception{ String sql = "delete from " + entity.getClass().getSimpleName().toLowerCase() + " where " ; //存放字符串為"id"的字段對象 Method idMethod = null ; //取得字符串為"id"的字段對象 List<Method> list = this .matchPojoMethods(entity, "get" ); Iterator<Method> iter = list.iterator(); while (iter.hasNext()) { Method tempMethod = iter.next(); //如果方法名中帶有ID字符串并且長度為2,則視為ID. if (tempMethod.getName().lastIndexOf( "Id" ) != - 1 && tempMethod.getName().substring( 3 ).length() == 2 ) { //把ID字段的對象存放到一個變量中,然后在集合中刪掉. idMethod = tempMethod; iter.remove(); //如果方法名去掉set/get字符串以后與pojo + "id"想符合(大小寫不敏感),則視為ID } else if ((entity.getClass().getSimpleName() + "Id" ).equalsIgnoreCase(tempMethod.getName().substring( 3 ))) { idMethod = tempMethod; iter.remove(); } } sql += idMethod.getName().substring( 3 ).toLowerCase() + " = ?" ; PreparedStatement statement = this .connection.prepareStatement(sql); //為Id字段添加值 int i = 0 ; if (idMethod.getReturnType().getSimpleName().indexOf( "String" ) != - 1 ) { statement.setString(++i, this .getString(idMethod, entity)); } else { statement.setInt(++i, this .getInt(idMethod, entity)); } //執行 conn.execOther(statement); //關閉連接 conn.closeConn(); } /** * 通過ID查詢 */ public T findById(Object object) throws Exception{ String sql = "select * from " + persistentClass.getSimpleName().toLowerCase() + " where " ; //通過子類的構造函數,獲得參數化類型的具體類型.比如BaseDAO<T>也就是獲得T的具體類型 T entity = persistentClass.newInstance(); //存放Pojo(或被操作表)主鍵的方法對象 Method idMethod = null ; List<Method> list = this .matchPojoMethods(entity, "set" ); Iterator<Method> iter = list.iterator(); //過濾取得Method對象 while (iter.hasNext()) { Method tempMethod = iter.next(); if (tempMethod.getName().indexOf( "Id" ) != - 1 && tempMethod.getName().substring( 3 ).length() == 2 ) { idMethod = tempMethod; } else if ((entity.getClass().getSimpleName() + "Id" ).equalsIgnoreCase(tempMethod.getName().substring( 3 ))){ idMethod = tempMethod; } } //第一個字母轉為小寫 sql += idMethod.getName().substring( 3 , 4 ).toLowerCase()+idMethod.getName().substring( 4 ) + " = ?" ; //封裝語句完畢,打印sql語句 System.out.println(sql); //獲得連接 PreparedStatement statement = this .connection.prepareStatement(sql); //判斷id的類型 if (object instanceof Integer) { statement.setInt( 1 , (Integer)object); } else if (object instanceof String){ statement.setString( 1 , (String)object); } //執行sql,取得查詢結果集. ResultSet rs = conn.execQuery(statement); //記數器,記錄循環到第幾個字段 int i = 0 ; //把指針指向迭代器第一行 iter = list.iterator(); //封裝 while (rs.next()) { while (iter.hasNext()) { Method method = iter.next(); if (method.getParameterTypes()[ 0 ].getSimpleName().indexOf( "String" ) != - 1 ) { //由于list集合中,method對象取出的方法順序與數據庫字段順序不一致(比如:list的第一個方法是setDate,而數據庫按順序取的是"123"值) //所以數據庫字段采用名字對應的方式取. this .setString(method, entity, rs.getString(method.getName().substring( 3 ).toLowerCase())); } else if (method.getParameterTypes()[ 0 ].getSimpleName().indexOf( "Date" ) != - 1 ){ this .setDate(method, entity, rs.getDate(method.getName().substring( 3 ).toLowerCase())); } else if (method.getParameterTypes()[ 0 ].getSimpleName().indexOf( "InputStream" ) != - 1 ) { this .setBlob(method, entity, rs.getBlob(method.getName().substring( 3 ).toLowerCase()).getBinaryStream()); } else { this .setInt(method, entity, rs.getInt(method.getName().substring( 3 ).toLowerCase())); } } } //關閉結果集 rs.close(); //關閉預編譯對象 statement.close(); return entity; } /** * 過濾當前Pojo類所有帶傳入字符串的Method對象,返回List集合. */ private List<Method> matchPojoMethods(T entity,String methodName) { //獲得當前Pojo所有方法對象 Method[] methods = entity.getClass().getDeclaredMethods(); //List容器存放所有帶get字符串的Method對象 List<Method> list = new ArrayList<Method>(); //過濾當前Pojo類所有帶get字符串的Method對象,存入List容器 for ( int index = 0 ; index < methods.length; index++) { if (methods[index].getName().indexOf(methodName) != - 1 ) { list.add(methods[index]); } } return list; } /** * 方法返回類型為int或Integer類型時,返回的SQL語句值.對應get */ public Integer getInt(Method method, T entity) throws Exception{ return (Integer)method.invoke(entity, new Object[]{}); } /** * 方法返回類型為String時,返回的SQL語句拼裝值.比如'abc',對應get */ public String getString(Method method, T entity) throws Exception{ return (String)method.invoke(entity, new Object[]{}); } /** * 方法返回類型為Blob時,返回的SQL語句拼裝值.對應get */ public InputStream getBlob(Method method, T entity) throws Exception{ return (InputStream)method.invoke(entity, new Object[]{}); } /** * 方法返回類型為Date時,返回的SQL語句拼裝值,對應get */ public Date getDate(Method method, T entity) throws Exception{ return (Date)method.invoke(entity, new Object[]{}); } /** * 參數類型為Integer或int時,為entity字段設置參數,對應set */ public Integer setInt(Method method, T entity, Integer arg) throws Exception{ return (Integer)method.invoke(entity, new Object[]{arg}); } /** * 參數類型為String時,為entity字段設置參數,對應set */ public String setString(Method method, T entity, String arg) throws Exception{ return (String)method.invoke(entity, new Object[]{arg}); } /** * 參數類型為InputStream時,為entity字段設置參數,對應set */ public InputStream setBlob(Method method, T entity, InputStream arg) throws Exception{ return (InputStream)method.invoke(entity, new Object[]{arg}); } /** * 參數類型為Date時,為entity字段設置參數,對應set */ public Date setDate(Method method, T entity, Date arg) throws Exception{ return (Date)method.invoke(entity, new Object[]{arg}); } } |
EmployeesDao繼承BaseDAO,可以直接使用父類的方法,增加了代碼的復用
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package com.employees.dao; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import com.employees.po.Employees; public class EmployeesDao extends BaseDAO<Employees> { // 添加員工信息的操作 public boolean addEmployees( final Employees employees) throws Exception { save(employees); return true ; } // 將員工信息添加到表格中 public List<Employees> addEmployees( int id) throws Exception { List<Employees> lstEmployees = new ArrayList<Employees>(); Employees employees = findById(id); // 將當前封轉好的數據裝入對象中 lstEmployees.add(employees); return lstEmployees; } public void deleteEmp( final Employees entity) throws Exception { this .delete(entity); } public void updateEmp( final Employees entity) throws Exception { this .update(entity); } } |
po層的代碼就不貼了,現在用junit4做一下測試
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package com.employees.dao; import org.junit.Test; import com.employees.po.Employees; public class EmployeesDaoTest { @Test public void testAdd() throws Exception { Employees emp = new Employees(); emp.setPname( "tly" ); emp.setPsex( "男" ); emp.setPbeliefs( "xxxxx" ); emp.setPaddr( "天河" ); emp.setPhobby( "打籃球" ); emp.setPsubject( "計算機" ); emp.setPtel( "123456" ); EmployeesDao dao = new EmployeesDao(); dao.addEmployees(emp); } @Test public void testUpdate() throws Exception { EmployeesDao dao = new EmployeesDao(); Employees emp = dao.findById( 14 ); emp.setPtel( "999999" ); dao.updateEmp(emp); } @Test public void testdelete() throws Exception { EmployeesDao dao = new EmployeesDao(); Employees emp = dao.findById( 15 ); dao.deleteEmp(emp); } } |
經過測試,這三個方法都能正常運行,時間倉促,有些代碼是參考其他哥們的,有些地方可能考慮的不是很全面或者有些代碼會有冗余,BaseDAO中做通用crud操作沒有寫全,要是哪位小伙伴有興趣,可以接下去寫寫,比如查詢,批量化操作等等,如果測試通過的話,記得給我發一份啊,呵呵
以上這篇簡單通用JDBC輔助類封裝(實例)就是小編分享給大家的全部內容了,希望能給大家一個參考,也希望大家多多支持服務器之家。