java LRU(Least Recently Used )詳解
LRU是Least Recently Used 的縮寫,翻譯過來就是“最近最少使用”,LRU緩存就是使用這種原理實(shí)現(xiàn),簡(jiǎn)單的說就是緩存一定量的數(shù)據(jù),當(dāng)超過設(shè)定的閾值時(shí)就把一些過期的數(shù)據(jù)刪除掉,比如我們緩存10000條數(shù)據(jù),當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)小于10000時(shí)可以隨意添加,當(dāng)超過10000時(shí)就需要把新的數(shù)據(jù)添加進(jìn)來,同時(shí)要把過期數(shù)據(jù)刪除,以確保我們最大緩存10000條,那怎么確定刪除哪條過期數(shù)據(jù)呢,采用LRU算法實(shí)現(xiàn)的話就是將最老的數(shù)據(jù)刪掉,廢話不多說,下面來說下Java版的LRU緩存實(shí)現(xiàn)
Java里面實(shí)現(xiàn)LRU緩存通常有兩種選擇,一種是使用LinkedHashMap,一種是自己設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu),使用鏈表+HashMap
LRU Cache的LinkedHashMap實(shí)現(xiàn)
LinkedHashMap自身已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了順序存儲(chǔ),默認(rèn)情況下是按照元素的添加順序存儲(chǔ),也可以啟用按照訪問順序存儲(chǔ),即最近讀取的數(shù)據(jù)放在最前面,最早讀取的數(shù)據(jù)放在最后面,然后它還有一個(gè)判斷是否刪除最老數(shù)據(jù)的方法,默認(rèn)是返回false,即不刪除數(shù)據(jù),我們使用LinkedHashMap實(shí)現(xiàn)LRU緩存的方法就是對(duì)LinkedHashMap實(shí)現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)單的擴(kuò)展,擴(kuò)展方式有兩種,一種是inheritance,一種是delegation,具體使用什么方式看個(gè)人喜好
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//LinkedHashMap的一個(gè)構(gòu)造函數(shù),當(dāng)參數(shù)accessOrder為true時(shí),即會(huì)按照訪問順序排序,最近訪問的放在最前,最早訪問的放在后面 public LinkedHashMap( int initialCapacity, float loadFactor, boolean accessOrder) { super (initialCapacity, loadFactor); this .accessOrder = accessOrder; } //LinkedHashMap自帶的判斷是否刪除最老的元素方法,默認(rèn)返回false,即不刪除老數(shù)據(jù) //我們要做的就是重寫這個(gè)方法,當(dāng)滿足一定條件時(shí)刪除老數(shù)據(jù) protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<K,V> eldest) { return false ; } |
LRU緩存LinkedHashMap(inheritance)實(shí)現(xiàn)
采用inheritance方式實(shí)現(xiàn)比較簡(jiǎn)單,而且實(shí)現(xiàn)了Map接口,在多線程環(huán)境使用時(shí)可以使用 Collections.synchronizedMap()方法實(shí)現(xiàn)線程安全操作
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package cn.lzrabbit.structure.lru; import java.util.LinkedHashMap; import java.util.Map; /** * Created by liuzhao on 14-5-15. */ public class LRUCache2<K, V> extends LinkedHashMap<K, V> { private final int MAX_CACHE_SIZE; public LRUCache2( int cacheSize) { super (( int ) Math.ceil(cacheSize / 0.75 ) + 1 , 0 .75f, true ); MAX_CACHE_SIZE = cacheSize; } @Override protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry eldest) { return size() > MAX_CACHE_SIZE; } @Override public String toString() { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : entrySet()) { sb.append(String.format( "%s:%s " , entry.getKey(), entry.getValue())); } return sb.toString(); } } |
這樣算是比較標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的實(shí)現(xiàn)吧,實(shí)際使用中這樣寫還是有些繁瑣,更實(shí)用的方法時(shí)像下面這樣寫,省去了單獨(dú)見一個(gè)類的麻煩
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final int cacheSize = 100 ; Map<String, String> map = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>(( int ) Math.ceil(cacheSize / 0 .75f) + 1 , 0 .75f, true ) { @Override protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<String, String> eldest) { return size() > cacheSize; } }; |
LRU緩存LinkedHashMap(delegation)實(shí)現(xiàn)
delegation方式實(shí)現(xiàn)更加優(yōu)雅一些,但是由于沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)Map接口,所以線程同步就需要自己搞定了
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package cn.lzrabbit.structure.lru; import java.util.LinkedHashMap; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Set; /** * Created by liuzhao on 14-5-13. */ public class LRUCache3<K, V> { private final int MAX_CACHE_SIZE; private final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0 .75f; LinkedHashMap<K, V> map; public LRUCache3( int cacheSize) { MAX_CACHE_SIZE = cacheSize; //根據(jù)cacheSize和加載因子計(jì)算hashmap的capactiy,+1確保當(dāng)達(dá)到cacheSize上限時(shí)不會(huì)觸發(fā)hashmap的擴(kuò)容, int capacity = ( int ) Math.ceil(MAX_CACHE_SIZE / DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR) + 1 ; map = new LinkedHashMap(capacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR, true ) { @Override protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry eldest) { return size() > MAX_CACHE_SIZE; } }; } public synchronized void put(K key, V value) { map.put(key, value); } public synchronized V get(K key) { return map.get(key); } public synchronized void remove(K key) { map.remove(key); } public synchronized Set<Map.Entry<K, V>> getAll() { return map.entrySet(); } public synchronized int size() { return map.size(); } public synchronized void clear() { map.clear(); } @Override public String toString() { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for (Map.Entry entry : map.entrySet()) { sb.append(String.format( "%s:%s " , entry.getKey(), entry.getValue())); } return sb.toString(); } } |
LRU Cache的鏈表+HashMap實(shí)現(xiàn)
注:此實(shí)現(xiàn)為非線程安全,若在多線程環(huán)境下使用需要在相關(guān)方法上添加synchronized以實(shí)現(xiàn)線程安全操作
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package cn.lzrabbit.structure.lru; import java.util.HashMap; /** * Created by liuzhao on 14-5-12. */ public class LRUCache1<K, V> { private final int MAX_CACHE_SIZE; private Entry first; private Entry last; private HashMap<K, Entry<K, V>> hashMap; public LRUCache1( int cacheSize) { MAX_CACHE_SIZE = cacheSize; hashMap = new HashMap<K, Entry<K, V>>(); } public void put(K key, V value) { Entry entry = getEntry(key); if (entry == null ) { if (hashMap.size() >= MAX_CACHE_SIZE) { hashMap.remove(last.key); removeLast(); } entry = new Entry(); entry.key = key; } entry.value = value; moveToFirst(entry); hashMap.put(key, entry); } public V get(K key) { Entry<K, V> entry = getEntry(key); if (entry == null ) return null ; moveToFirst(entry); return entry.value; } public void remove(K key) { Entry entry = getEntry(key); if (entry != null ) { if (entry.pre != null ) entry.pre.next = entry.next; if (entry.next != null ) entry.next.pre = entry.pre; if (entry == first) first = entry.next; if (entry == last) last = entry.pre; } hashMap.remove(key); } private void moveToFirst(Entry entry) { if (entry == first) return ; if (entry.pre != null ) entry.pre.next = entry.next; if (entry.next != null ) entry.next.pre = entry.pre; if (entry == last) last = last.pre; if (first == null || last == null ) { first = last = entry; return ; } entry.next = first; first.pre = entry; first = entry; entry.pre = null ; } private void removeLast() { if (last != null ) { last = last.pre; if (last == null ) first = null ; else last.next = null ; } } private Entry<K, V> getEntry(K key) { return hashMap.get(key); } @Override public String toString() { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); Entry entry = first; while (entry != null ) { sb.append(String.format( "%s:%s " , entry.key, entry.value)); entry = entry.next; } return sb.toString(); } class Entry<K, V> { public Entry pre; public Entry next; public K key; public V value; } } |
LinkedHashMap的FIFO實(shí)現(xiàn)
FIFO是First Input First Output的縮寫,也就是常說的先入先出,默認(rèn)情況下LinkedHashMap就是按照添加順序保存,我們只需重寫下removeEldestEntry方法即可輕松實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)FIFO緩存,簡(jiǎn)化版的實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼如下
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final int cacheSize = 5 ; LinkedHashMap<Integer, String> lru = new LinkedHashMap<Integer, String>() { @Override protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<Integer, String> eldest) { return size() > cacheSize; } }; |
調(diào)用示例
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package cn.lzrabbit.structure.lru; import cn.lzrabbit.ITest; import java.util.LinkedHashMap; import java.util.Map; /** * Created by liuzhao on 14-5-15. */ public class LRUCacheTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { System.out.println( "start..." ); lruCache1(); lruCache2(); lruCache3(); lruCache4(); System.out.println( "over..." ); } static void lruCache1() { System.out.println(); System.out.println( "===========================LRU 鏈表實(shí)現(xiàn)===========================" ); LRUCache1<Integer, String> lru = new LRUCache1( 5 ); lru.put( 1 , "11" ); lru.put( 2 , "11" ); lru.put( 3 , "11" ); lru.put( 4 , "11" ); lru.put( 5 , "11" ); System.out.println(lru.toString()); lru.put( 6 , "66" ); lru.get( 2 ); lru.put( 7 , "77" ); lru.get( 4 ); System.out.println(lru.toString()); System.out.println(); } static <T> void lruCache2() { System.out.println(); System.out.println( "===========================LRU LinkedHashMap(inheritance)實(shí)現(xiàn)===========================" ); LRUCache2<Integer, String> lru = new LRUCache2( 5 ); lru.put( 1 , "11" ); lru.put( 2 , "11" ); lru.put( 3 , "11" ); lru.put( 4 , "11" ); lru.put( 5 , "11" ); System.out.println(lru.toString()); lru.put( 6 , "66" ); lru.get( 2 ); lru.put( 7 , "77" ); lru.get( 4 ); System.out.println(lru.toString()); System.out.println(); } static void lruCache3() { System.out.println(); System.out.println( "===========================LRU LinkedHashMap(delegation)實(shí)現(xiàn)===========================" ); LRUCache3<Integer, String> lru = new LRUCache3( 5 ); lru.put( 1 , "11" ); lru.put( 2 , "11" ); lru.put( 3 , "11" ); lru.put( 4 , "11" ); lru.put( 5 , "11" ); System.out.println(lru.toString()); lru.put( 6 , "66" ); lru.get( 2 ); lru.put( 7 , "77" ); lru.get( 4 ); System.out.println(lru.toString()); System.out.println(); } static void lruCache4() { System.out.println(); System.out.println( "===========================FIFO LinkedHashMap默認(rèn)實(shí)現(xiàn)===========================" ); final int cacheSize = 5 ; LinkedHashMap<Integer, String> lru = new LinkedHashMap<Integer, String>() { @Override protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<Integer, String> eldest) { return size() > cacheSize; } }; lru.put( 1 , "11" ); lru.put( 2 , "11" ); lru.put( 3 , "11" ); lru.put( 4 , "11" ); lru.put( 5 , "11" ); System.out.println(lru.toString()); lru.put( 6 , "66" ); lru.get( 2 ); lru.put( 7 , "77" ); lru.get( 4 ); System.out.println(lru.toString()); System.out.println(); } } |
運(yùn)行結(jié)果
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"C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\bin\java" -Didea.launcher.port= 7535 "-Didea.launcher.bin.path=C:\Program Files (x86)\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 13.0.2\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF- 8 -classpath "C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\rt.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;D:\SVN\projects\Java\Java.Algorithm\target\test-classes;D:\SVN\projects\Java\Java.Algorithm\target\classes;C:\Program Files (x86)\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 13.0.2\lib\idea_rt.jar" com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain Main start... ===========================LRU 鏈表實(shí)現(xiàn)=========================== 5 : 11 4 : 11 3 : 11 2 : 11 1 : 11 4 : 11 7 : 77 2 : 11 6 : 66 5 : 11 ===========================LRU LinkedHashMap(inheritance)實(shí)現(xiàn)=========================== 1 : 11 2 : 11 3 : 11 4 : 11 5 : 11 5 : 11 6 : 66 2 : 11 7 : 77 4 : 11 ===========================LRU LinkedHashMap(delegation)實(shí)現(xiàn)=========================== 1 : 11 2 : 11 3 : 11 4 : 11 5 : 11 5 : 11 6 : 66 2 : 11 7 : 77 4 : 11 ===========================FIFO LinkedHashMap默認(rèn)實(shí)現(xiàn)=========================== { 1 = 11 , 2 = 11 , 3 = 11 , 4 = 11 , 5 = 11 } { 3 = 11 , 4 = 11 , 5 = 11 , 6 = 66 , 7 = 77 } over... Process finished with exit code 0 |
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原文鏈接:http://www.cnblogs.com/lzrabbit/p/3734850.html