一、springmvc基礎入門，創建一個helloworld程序
1.首先，導入springmvc需要的jar包。
2.添加web.xml配置文件中關于springmvc的配置
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<!--configure the setting of springmvcdispatcherservlet and configure the mapping--><servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.dispatcherservlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextconfiglocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> --></servlet><servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern></servlet-mapping> |
3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemalocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd"> <!-- scan the package and the sub package --> <context:component-scan base-package="test.springmvc"/> <!-- don't handle the static resource --> <mvc:default-servlet-handler /> <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting --> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <!-- configure the internalresourceviewresolver --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.internalresourceviewresolver" id="internalresourceviewresolver"> <!-- 前綴 --> <property name="prefix" value="/web-inf/jsp/" /> <!-- 后綴 --> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean></beans> |
4.在web-inf文件夾下創建名為jsp的文件夾，用來存放jsp視圖。創建一個hello.jsp，在body中添加“hello world”。
5.建立包及controller，如下所示
6.編寫controller代碼
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@controller@requestmapping("/mvc")public class mvccontroller { @requestmapping("/hello") public string hello(){ return "hello"; }} |
7.啟動服務器，鍵入 http://localhost:8080/項目名/mvc/hello
二、配置解析
1.dispatcherservlet
dispatcherservlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml文件中的。攔截匹配的請求，servlet攔截匹配規則要自已定義，把攔截下來的請求，依據相應的規則分發到目標controller來處理，是配置spring mvc的第一步。
2.internalresourceviewresolver
視圖名稱解析器
3.以上出現的注解
@controller 負責注冊一個bean 到spring 上下文中
@requestmapping 注解為控制器指定可以處理哪些 url 請求
三、springmvc常用注解
@controller
負責注冊一個bean 到spring 上下文中
@requestmapping
注解為控制器指定可以處理哪些 url 請求
@requestbody
該注解用于讀取request請求的body部分數據，使用系統默認配置的httpmessageconverter進行解析，然后把相應的數據綁定到要返回的對象上 ,再把httpmessageconverter返回的對象數據綁定到 controller中方法的參數上
@responsebody
該注解用于將controller的方法返回的對象，通過適當的httpmessageconverter轉換為指定格式后，寫入到response對象的body數據區
@modelattribute
在方法定義上使用 @modelattribute 注解：spring mvc 在調用目標處理方法前，會先逐個調用在方法級上標注了@modelattribute 的方法
在方法的入參前使用 @modelattribute 注解：可以從隱含對象中獲取隱含的模型數據中獲取對象，再將請求參數 –綁定到對象中，再傳入入參將方法入參對象添加到模型中
@requestparam
在處理方法入參處使用 @requestparam 可以把請求參 數傳遞給請求方法
@pathvariable
綁定 url 占位符到入參
@exceptionhandler
注解到方法上，出現異常時會執行該方法
@controlleradvice
使一個contoller成為全局的異常處理類，類中用@exceptionhandler方法注解的方法可以處理所有controller發生的異常
四、自動匹配參數
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//match automatically@requestmapping("/person")public string toperson(string name,double age){ system.out.println(name+" "+age); return "hello";} |
五、自動裝箱
1.編寫一個person實體類
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package test.springmvc.model;public class person { public string getname() { return name; } public void setname(string name) { this.name = name; } public int getage() { return age; } public void setage(int age) { this.age = age; } private string name; private int age; } |
2.在controller里編寫方法
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//boxing automatically@requestmapping("/person1")public string toperson(person p){ system.out.println(p.getname()+" "+p.getage()); return "hello";} |
六、使用initbinder來處理date類型的參數
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//the parameter was converted in initbinder@requestmapping("/date")public string date(date date){ system.out.println(date); return "hello";} //at the time of initialization,convert the type "string" to type "date"@initbinderpublic void initbinder(servletrequestdatabinder binder){ binder.registercustomeditor(date.class, new customdateeditor(new simpledateformat("yyyy-mm-dd"), true));} |
七、向前臺傳遞參數
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//pass the parameters to front-end@requestmapping("/show")public string showperson(map<string,object> map){ person p =new person(); map.put("p", p); p.setage(20); p.setname("jayjay"); return "show";} |
前臺可在request域中取到"p"
八、使用ajax調用
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//pass the parameters to front-end using ajax@requestmapping("/getperson")public void getperson(string name,printwriter pw){ pw.write("hello,"+name); }@requestmapping("/name")public string sayhello(){ return "name";} |
前臺用下面的jquery代碼調用
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$(function(){ $("#btn").click(function(){ $.post("mvc/getperson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){ alert(data); }); });}); |
九、在controller中使用redirect方式處理請求
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//redirect @requestmapping("/redirect")public string redirect(){ return "redirect:hello";} |
十、文件上傳
1.需要導入兩個jar包
2.在springmvc配置文件中加入
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<!-- upload settings --><bean id="multipartresolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.commonsmultipartresolver"> <property name="maxuploadsize" value="102400000"></property></bean> |
3.方法代碼
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@requestmapping(value="/upload",method=requestmethod.post)public string upload(httpservletrequest req) throws exception{ multiparthttpservletrequest mreq = (multiparthttpservletrequest)req; multipartfile file = mreq.getfile("file"); string filename = file.getoriginalfilename(); simpledateformat sdf = new simpledateformat("yyyymmddhhmmss"); fileoutputstream fos = new fileoutputstream(req.getsession().getservletcontext().getrealpath("/")+ "upload/"+sdf.format(new date())+filename.substring(filename.lastindexof('.'))); fos.write(file.getbytes()); fos.flush(); fos.close(); return "hello";} |
4.前臺form表單
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<form action="mvc/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input type="file" name="file"><br> <input type="submit" value="submit"></form> |
十一、使用@requestparam注解指定參數的name
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@controller@requestmapping("/test")public class mvccontroller1 { @requestmapping(value="/param") public string testrequestparam(@requestparam(value="id") integer id, @requestparam(value="name")string name){ system.out.println(id+" "+name); return "/hello"; } } |
十二、restful風格的sringmvc
1.restcontroller
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@controller@requestmapping("/rest")public class restcontroller { @requestmapping(value="/user/{id}",method=requestmethod.get) public string get(@pathvariable("id") integer id){ system.out.println("get"+id); return "/hello"; } @requestmapping(value="/user/{id}",method=requestmethod.post) public string post(@pathvariable("id") integer id){ system.out.println("post"+id); return "/hello"; } @requestmapping(value="/user/{id}",method=requestmethod.put) public string put(@pathvariable("id") integer id){ system.out.println("put"+id); return "/hello"; } @requestmapping(value="/user/{id}",method=requestmethod.delete) public string delete(@pathvariable("id") integer id){ system.out.println("delete"+id); return "/hello"; } } |
2.form表單發送put和delete請求
在web.xml中配置
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<!-- configure the hiddenhttpmethodfilter,convert the post method to put or delete --><filter> <filter-name>hiddenhttpmethodfilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.hiddenhttpmethodfilter</filter-class></filter><filter-mapping> <filter-name>hiddenhttpmethodfilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></filter-mapping> |
在前臺可以用以下代碼產生請求
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<form action="rest/user/1" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put"> <input type="submit" value="put"></form><form action="rest/user/1" method="post"> <input type="submit" value="post"></form><form action="rest/user/1" method="get"> <input type="submit" value="get"></form><form action="rest/user/1" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="delete"> <input type="submit" value="delete"></form> |
十三、返回json格式的字符串
1.導入以下jar包
2.方法代碼
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@controller@requestmapping("/json")public class jsoncontroller { @responsebody @requestmapping("/user") public user get(){ user u = new user(); u.setid(1); u.setname("jayjay"); u.setbirth(new date()); return u; }} |
十四、異常的處理
1.處理局部異常（controller內）
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@exceptionhandlerpublic modelandview exceptionhandler(exception ex){ modelandview mv = new modelandview("error"); mv.addobject("exception", ex); system.out.println("in testexceptionhandler"); return mv;} @requestmapping("/error")public string error(){ int i = 5/0; return "hello";} |
2.處理全局異常（所有controller）
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@controlleradvicepublic class testcontrolleradvice { @exceptionhandler public modelandview exceptionhandler(exception ex){ modelandview mv = new modelandview("error"); mv.addobject("exception", ex); system.out.println("in testcontrolleradvice"); return mv; }} |
3.另一種處理全局異常的方法
在springmvc配置文件中配置
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<!-- configure simplemappingexceptionresolver --><bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.simplemappingexceptionresolver"> <property name="exceptionmappings"> <props> <prop key="java.lang.arithmeticexception">error</prop> </props> </property></bean> |
error是出錯頁面
十五、設置一個自定義攔截器
1.創建一個myinterceptor類，并實現handlerinterceptor接口
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public class myinterceptor implements handlerinterceptor { @override public void aftercompletion(httpservletrequest arg0, httpservletresponse arg1, object arg2, exception arg3) throws exception { system.out.println("aftercompletion"); } @override public void posthandle(httpservletrequest arg0, httpservletresponse arg1, object arg2, modelandview arg3) throws exception { system.out.println("posthandle"); } @override public boolean prehandle(httpservletrequest arg0, httpservletresponse arg1, object arg2) throws exception { system.out.println("prehandle"); return true; }} |
2.在springmvc的配置文件中配置
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<!-- interceptor setting --><mvc:interceptors> <mvc:interceptor> <mvc:mapping path="/mvc/**"/> <bean class="test.springmvc.interceptor.myinterceptor"></bean>gt; </mvc:interceptor> </mvc:interceptors> |
3.攔截器執行順序
十六、表單的驗證（使用hibernate-validate）及國際化
1.導入hibernate-validate需要的jar包
(未選中不用導入)
2.編寫實體類user并加上驗證注解
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public class user { public int getid() { return id; } public void setid(int id) { this.id = id; } public string getname() { return name; } public void setname(string name) { this.name = name; } public date getbirth() { return birth; } public void setbirth(date birth) { this.birth = birth; } @override public string tostring() { return "user [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]"; } private int id; @notempty private string name; @past @datetimeformat(pattern="yyyy-mm-dd") private date birth;} |
ps:@past表示時間必須是一個過去值
3.在jsp中使用springmvc的form表單
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<form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelattribute="user"> id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br> name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br> birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/> <input type="submit" value="submit"></form:form> |
ps:path對應name
4.controller中代碼
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@controller@requestmapping("/form")public class formcontroller { @requestmapping(value="/add",method=requestmethod.post) public string add(@valid user u,bindingresult br){ if(br.geterrorcount()>0){ return "adduser"; } return "showuser"; } @requestmapping(value="/add",method=requestmethod.get) public string add(map<string,object> map){ map.put("user",new user()); return "adduser"; }} |
ps:
1.因為jsp中使用了modelattribute屬性，所以必須在request域中有一個"user".
2.@valid 表示按照在實體上標記的注解驗證參數
3.返回到原頁面錯誤信息回回顯，表單也會回顯
5.錯誤信息自定義
在src目錄下添加locale.properties
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notempty.user.name=name can't not be emptypast.user.birth=birth should be a past valuedatetimeformat.user.birth=the format of input is wrongtypemismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrongtypemismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong |
在springmvc配置文件中配置
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<!-- configure the locale resource --><bean id="messagesource" class="org.springframework.context.support.resourcebundlemessagesource"> <property name="basename" value="locale"></property></bean> |
6.國際化顯示
在src下添加locale_zh_cn.properties
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username=賬號password=密碼 |
locale.properties中添加
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username=user namepassword=password |
創建一個locale.jsp
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<body> <fmt:message key="username"></fmt:message> <fmt:message key="password"></fmt:message></body> |
在springmvc中配置
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<!-- make the jsp page can be visited --><mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/> |
讓locale.jsp在web-inf下也能直接訪問
最后，訪問locale.jsp，切換瀏覽器語言，能看到賬號和密碼的語言也切換了
十七、壓軸大戲--整合springioc和springmvc
1.創建一個test.springmvc.integrate的包用來演示整合，并創建各類
2.user實體類
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public class user { public int getid() { return id; } public void setid(int id) { this.id = id; } public string getname() { return name; } public void setname(string name) { this.name = name; } public date getbirth() { return birth; } public void setbirth(date birth) { this.birth = birth; } @override public string tostring() { return "user [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]"; } private int id; @notempty private string name; @past @datetimeformat(pattern="yyyy-mm-dd") private date birth;} |
3.userservice類
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@componentpublic class userservice { public userservice(){ system.out.println("userservice constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n"); } public void save(){ system.out.println("save"); }} |
4.usercontroller
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@controller@requestmapping("/integrate")public class usercontroller { @autowired private userservice userservice; @requestmapping("/user") public string saveuser(@requestbody @modelattribute user u){ system.out.println(u); userservice.save(); return "hello"; }} |
5.spring配置文件
在src目錄下創建springioc的配置文件applicationcontext.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" xsi:schemalocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd " xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" > <context:component-scan base-package="test.springmvc.integrate"> <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.controller"/> <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.controlleradvice"/> </context:component-scan> </beans> |
在web.xml中添加配置
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<!-- configure the springioc --><listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.contextloaderlistener</listener-class></listener><context-param> <param-name>contextconfiglocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationcontext.xml</param-value></context-param> |
6.在springmvc中進行一些配置，防止springmvc和springioc對同一個對象的管理重合
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<!-- scan the package and the sub package --> <context:component-scan base-package="test.springmvc.integrate"> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.controller"/> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.controlleradvice"/> </context:component-scan> |
十八、springmvc詳細運行流程圖
十九、springmvc與struts2的區別
1、springmvc基于方法開發的，struts2基于類開發的。springmvc將url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一個handler對象，對象中只包括了一個method。方法執行結束，形參數據銷毀。springmvc的controller開發類似web service開發。
2、springmvc可以進行單例開發，并且建議使用單例開發，struts2通過類的成員變量接收參數，無法使用單例，只能使用多例。
3、經過實際測試，struts2速度慢，在于使用struts標簽，如果使用struts建議使用jstl。
