前言
在使用Spring和SpringMVC的老版本進行開發時,我們需要配置很多的xml文件,非常的繁瑣,總是讓用戶自行選擇配置也是非常不好的。基于約定大于配置的規定,Spring提供了很多注解幫助我們簡化了大量的xml配置;但是在使用SpringMVC時,我們還會使用到WEB-INF/web.xml,但實際上我們是完全可以使用Java類來取代xml配置的,這也是后來SpringBoott的實現原理。本篇就來看看Spring是如何實現完全的零XML配置。
正文
先來看一下原始的web.xml配置:
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<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" > < web-app > < context-param > < param-name >contextConfigLocation</ param-name > < param-value > <!--加載spring配置--> classpath:spring.xml </ param-value > </ context-param > < context-param > < param-name >webAppRootKey</ param-name > < param-value >ServicePlatform.root</ param-value > </ context-param > < listener > < listener-class >org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</ listener-class > <!--<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextListener</listener-class>--> </ listener > < servlet > < servlet-name >spring-dispatcher</ servlet-name > < servlet-class >org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</ servlet-class > < init-param > <!--springmvc的配置文件--> < param-name >contextConfigLocation</ param-name > < param-value >classpath:spring-dispatcher.xml</ param-value > </ init-param > < load-on-startup >0</ load-on-startup > </ servlet > < servlet-mapping > < servlet-name >spring-dispatcher</ servlet-name > < url-pattern >/</ url-pattern > </ servlet-mapping > </ web-app > |
這里各個配置的作用簡單說下,context-param是加載我們主的sping.xml配置,比如一些bean的配置和開啟注解掃描等;listener是配置監聽器,Tomcat啟動會觸發監聽器調用;servlet則是配置我們自定義的Servlet實現,比如DispatcherServlet。還有其它很多配置就不一一說明了,在這里主要看到記住context-param和servlet配置,這是SpringIOC父子容器的體現。
在之前的I文章中講過IOC容器是以父子關系組織的,但估計大部分人都不能理解,除了看到復雜的繼承體系,并沒有看到父容器作用的體現,稍后來分析。
了解了配置,我們就需要思考如何替換掉這些繁瑣的配置。實際上Tomcat提供了一個規范,有一個ServletContainerInitializer接口:
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public interface ServletContainerInitializer { void onStartup(Set<Class<?>> var1, ServletContext var2) throws ServletException; } |
Tomcat啟動時會調用該接口實現類的onStartup方法,這個方法有兩個參數,第二個不用說,主要是第一個參數什么?從哪里來?另外我們自定義的實現類又怎么讓Tomcat調用呢?
首先解答最后一個問題,這里也是利用SPI來實現的,因此我們實現了該接口后,還需要在META-INF.services下配置。其次,這里傳入的第一個參數也是我們自定義的擴展接口的實現類,我們可以通過我們自定義的接口實現很多需要在啟動時做的事,比如加載Servlet,但是Tomcat又是怎么知道我們自定義的接口是哪個呢?
這就需要用到@HandlesTypes注解,該注解就是標注在ServletContainerInitializer的實現類上,其值就是我們擴展的接口,這樣Tomcat就知道需要傳入哪個接口實現類到這個onStartup方法了。
來看一個簡單的實現:
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@HandlesTypes (LoadServlet. class ) public class MyServletContainerInitializer implements ServletContainerInitializer { @Override public void onStartup(Set<Class<?>> set, ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException { Iterator var4; if (set != null ) { var4 = set.iterator(); while (var4.hasNext()) { Class<?> clazz = (Class<?>) var4.next(); if (!clazz.isInterface() && !Modifier.isAbstract(clazz.getModifiers()) && LoadServlet. class .isAssignableFrom(clazz)) { try { ((LoadServlet) clazz.newInstance()).loadOnstarp(servletContext); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } } } public interface LoadServlet { void loadOnstarp(ServletContext servletContext); } public class LoadServletImpl implements LoadServlet { @Override public void loadOnstarp(ServletContext servletContext) { ServletRegistration.Dynamic initServlet = servletContext.addServlet( "initServlet" , "org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet" ); initServlet.setLoadOnStartup( 1 ); initServlet.addMapping( "/init" ); } } |
這就是Tomcat給我們提供的規范,通過這個規范我們就能實現Spring的零xml配置啟動,直接來看Spring是如何做的。根據上面所說我們可以在spring-web工程下找到META-INF/services/javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer配置:
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@HandlesTypes (WebApplicationInitializer. class ) public class SpringServletContainerInitializer implements ServletContainerInitializer { @Override public void onStartup( @Nullable Set<Class<?>> webAppInitializerClasses, ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException { List<WebApplicationInitializer> initializers = new LinkedList<>(); if (webAppInitializerClasses != null ) { for (Class<?> waiClass : webAppInitializerClasses) { // Be defensive: Some servlet containers provide us with invalid classes, // no matter what @HandlesTypes says... if (!waiClass.isInterface() && !Modifier.isAbstract(waiClass.getModifiers()) && WebApplicationInitializer. class .isAssignableFrom(waiClass)) { try { initializers.add((WebApplicationInitializer) ReflectionUtils.accessibleConstructor(waiClass).newInstance()); } catch (Throwable ex) { throw new ServletException( "Failed to instantiate WebApplicationInitializer class" , ex); } } } } if (initializers.isEmpty()) { servletContext.log( "No Spring WebApplicationInitializer types detected on classpath" ); return ; } servletContext.log(initializers.size() + " Spring WebApplicationInitializers detected on classpath" ); AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(initializers); for (WebApplicationInitializer initializer : initializers) { initializer.onStartup(servletContext); } } } |
核心的實現就是WebApplicationInitializer,先看看其繼承體系
AbstractReactiveWebInitializer不用管,主要看另外一邊,但是都是抽象類,也就是說真的實例也是由我們自己實現,但需要我們實現什么呢?我們一般直接繼承AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer類,有四個抽象方法需要我們實現:
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//父容器 @Override protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() { return new Class<?>[]{SpringContainer. class }; } //SpringMVC配置子容器 @Override protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() { return new Class<?>[]{MvcContainer. class }; } //獲取DispatcherServlet的映射信息 @Override protected String[] getServletMappings() { return new String[]{ "/" }; } // filter配置 @Override protected Filter[] getServletFilters() { MyFilter myFilter = new MyFilter(); CorsFilter corsFilter = new CorsFilter(); return new Filter[]{myFilter,corsFilter}; } |
這里主要注意getRootConfigClasses和getServletConfigClasses方法,分別加載父、子容器:
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@ComponentScan (value = "com.dark" ,excludeFilters = { @ComponentScan .Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION,classes = {Controller. class }) }) public class SpringContainer { } @ComponentScan (value = "com.dark" ,includeFilters = { @ComponentScan .Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION,classes = {Controller. class }) },useDefaultFilters = false ) public class MvcContainer { } |
看到這兩個類上的注解應該不陌生了吧,父容器掃描裝載了所有不帶@Controller注解的類,子容器則相反,但需要對象時首先從當前容器中找,如果沒有則從父容器中獲取,為什么要這么設計呢?
直接放到一個容器中不行么?先思考下, 稍后解答。回到onStartup方法中,直接回調用到AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer類:
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public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException { super .onStartup(servletContext); //注冊DispatcherServlet registerDispatcherServlet(servletContext); } |
先是調用父類:
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public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException { registerContextLoaderListener(servletContext); } protected void registerContextLoaderListener(ServletContext servletContext) { //創建spring上下文,注冊了SpringContainer WebApplicationContext rootAppContext = createRootApplicationContext(); if (rootAppContext != null ) { //創建監聽器 ContextLoaderListener listener = new ContextLoaderListener(rootAppContext); listener.setContextInitializers(getRootApplicationContextInitializers()); servletContext.addListener(listener); } } |
然后調用createRootApplicationContext創建父容器:
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protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext() { Class<?>[] configClasses = getRootConfigClasses(); if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(configClasses)) { AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext(); context.register(configClasses); return context; } else { return null ; } } |
可以看到就是創建了一個AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext對象,并將我們的配置類SpringContainer注冊了進去。接著創建Tomcat啟動加載監聽器ContextLoaderListener,該監聽器有一個contextInitialized方法,會在Tomcat啟動時調用。
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public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) { initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext()); } */ public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) { long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); try { // Store context in local instance variable, to guarantee that // it is available on ServletContext shutdown. if ( this .context == null ) { this .context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext); } if ( this .context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) { ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this .context; if (!cwac.isActive()) { // The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as // setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc if (cwac.getParent() == null ) { // The context instance was injected without an explicit parent -> // determine parent for root web application context, if any. ApplicationContext parent = loadParentContext(servletContext); cwac.setParent(parent); } configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext); } } servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this .context); ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(); if (ccl == ContextLoader. class .getClassLoader()) { currentContext = this .context; } else if (ccl != null ) { currentContextPerThread.put(ccl, this .context); } return this .context; } } |
可以看到就是去初始化容器,這個和之前分析xml解析是一樣的,主要注意這里封裝了ServletContext對象,并將父容器設置到了該對象中。
父容器創建完成后自然就是子容器的創建,來到registerDispatcherServlet方法:
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protected void registerDispatcherServlet(ServletContext servletContext) { String servletName = getServletName(); Assert.hasLength(servletName, "getServletName() must not return null or empty" ); //創建springmvc的上下文,注冊了MvcContainer類 WebApplicationContext servletAppContext = createServletApplicationContext(); Assert.notNull(servletAppContext, "createServletApplicationContext() must not return null" ); //創建DispatcherServlet FrameworkServlet dispatcherServlet = createDispatcherServlet(servletAppContext); Assert.notNull(dispatcherServlet, "createDispatcherServlet(WebApplicationContext) must not return null" ); dispatcherServlet.setContextInitializers(getServletApplicationContextInitializers()); ServletRegistration.Dynamic registration = servletContext.addServlet(servletName, dispatcherServlet); if (registration == null ) { throw new IllegalStateException( "Failed to register servlet with name '" + servletName + "'. " + "Check if there is another servlet registered under the same name." ); } /* * 如果該元素的值為負數或者沒有設置,則容器會當Servlet被請求時再加載。 如果值為正整數或者0時,表示容器在應用啟動時就加載并初始化這個servlet, 值越小,servlet的優先級越高,就越先被加載 * */ registration.setLoadOnStartup( 1 ); registration.addMapping(getServletMappings()); registration.setAsyncSupported(isAsyncSupported()); Filter[] filters = getServletFilters(); if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(filters)) { for (Filter filter : filters) { registerServletFilter(servletContext, filter); } } customizeRegistration(registration); } protected WebApplicationContext createServletApplicationContext() { AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext(); Class<?>[] configClasses = getServletConfigClasses(); if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(configClasses)) { context.register(configClasses); } return context; } |
這里也是創建了一個AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext對象,不同的只是這里注冊的配置類就是我們的Servlet配置了。然后創建了DispatcherServlet對象,并將上下文對象設置了進去。
看到這你可能會疑惑,既然父子容器創建的都是相同類的對象,何來的父子容器之說?
別急,這個在初始化該上文時就明白了。但是這里的初始化入口在哪呢?沒有看到任何監聽器的創建和調用。
實際上這里的上下文對象初始化是在Servlet初始化時實現的,即init方法,直接來到HttpServletBean的init方法(分析SpringMVC源碼時講過):
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public final void init() throws ServletException { ...省略 // Let subclasses do whatever initialization they like. initServletBean(); } protected final void initServletBean() throws ServletException { try { this .webApplicationContext = initWebApplicationContext(); initFrameworkServlet(); } } protected WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext() { //這里會從servletContext中獲取到父容器,就是通過監聽器加載的容器 WebApplicationContext rootContext = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext()); WebApplicationContext wac = null ; if ( this .webApplicationContext != null ) { // A context instance was injected at construction time -> use it wac = this .webApplicationContext; if (wac instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) { ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) wac; if (!cwac.isActive()) { if (cwac.getParent() == null ) { cwac.setParent(rootContext); } //容器加載 configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac); } } } if (wac == null ) { wac = findWebApplicationContext(); } if (wac == null ) { wac = createWebApplicationContext(rootContext); } if (! this .refreshEventReceived) { synchronized ( this .onRefreshMonitor) { onRefresh(wac); } } if ( this .publishContext) { // Publish the context as a servlet context attribute. String attrName = getServletContextAttributeName(); getServletContext().setAttribute(attrName, wac); } return wac; } |
看到這里想你也應該明白了,首先從ServletContext中拿到父容器,然后設置到當前容器的parent中,實現了父子容器的組織,而這樣設計好處我想也是很清楚的,子容器目前裝載的都是MVC的配置和Bean,簡單點說就是Controller,父容器中都是Service,Controller是依賴于Service的,如果不構建這樣的層級關系并優先實例化父容器,你怎么實現Controller層的依賴注入成功呢?
總結
本篇結合之前的文章,分析了SpringMVC零XML配置的實現原理,也補充了之前未分析到父子容器關系,讓我們能從細節上更加全面的理解SpringIOC的實現原理,相信看完本篇對于SpringBoot的實現你也會有自己的想法。希望能給大家一個參考,也希望大家多多支持服務器之家。
原文鏈接:https://blog.csdn.net/l6108003/article/details/106869575